Always consult the bluebook for additional information. Blue pages this guide covers the bluebooks white pages, which provide citation rules for academic papers. As a result, pinpoint citations references to a specific location in a multipage work are used pervasively in legal writing. The equivalent apa 7 page can be found here the following rules for handling works by a single author or multiple authors apply to all apastyle references in your reference list, regardless of the type of work book, article, electronic resource, etc. List the abbreviation for the type of source material. When multiple, consecutive pages are cited, the first and last numbers should be separated by a hyphen, and all but the last two digits from the last page number should be dropped. Imagine trying to find a quote in a 300 page case without a pinpoint cite. Whether a see cite or a direct quote, if youre hoping to direct your readerfactfinder to a particular proposition in the case, you should cite to a page or range of pages or series of pages. A short cite should only be used after youve already cited the case. Bluepages and whitepages standard bluebook citation. Basic bluebook citation for cases proficientwriters.
Its limited aim is to serve as a tutorial on how to cite the most widely referenced types of u. Abbreviation of journal name see tables 10 and in the bluebook date as it appears on the cover if no date of issue is available, provide the issue number and indicate the volume number before the title the word at the beginning page number if pinpoint citing, include the beginning page number and the pinpoint cite example. Internet citation bluebook citation 101 practitioner. One of the best ways to use the bluebook is to find relevant examples, and then model your citation after the example. Include the legal service provider name and the currency of the database as. Bt2 jurisdictionspecific citation rules and style guides. On these pages youll find information on author name, username or handle on the social media platform, title of post, and more. This is not a comprehensive citation reference work. A pinpoint citation is the page on which a quotation or relevant passage appears, as opposed to the page on which a case or article begins. Use a page, paragraph, or line as a pincite do not use p. Thus, you will not have to additionally cite to a subissue or quarterly edition. Cases bluebook legal citation tarlton law library at. Usually, explanatory parentheticals begin with a present participle ing. The bluebook requires citation only to the official report supreme court opinions are also published in three unofficial reporters.
The bluebook also has citation rules for legal memoranda and other practiceoriented materials the blue pages, which students in lrwa2 use for their memo assignments. If there is an intervening citation statute x case y or statute y statute x if the previous citation was to a statute from different title or chapter 17 u. A citation to multiple footnotes uses the abbreviation nn. A uniform system of citation is apuss preferred citation format for legal writing. Bluebook formatting is a uniform system of citation for legal text. Abbreviation of journal page on which article begins, page cited year. Bluebook citation school of justice studies rasguides. Many of the complicated variations on rules are not shown in these samples. List the page number on which the information appears, followed by a period. Within the bluebook are two related but slightly different styles. Can anyone confirm that the example provided means. The main rule that describes the short form for cases is rule 10. The bluebook requires citation to printed material provided it is available, unless there is an authenticated, official, or exact digital copy of the printed sources.
Mar 19, 2012 legal opinions and publications commonly contain multiple pages and discuss many issues. Pincites include pincites whenever you are citing a specific component of a decision. Pincites are placed after the number on which the case begins on a reporter, and is separated from the starting page of the case, by a comma and a. In other words, a parallel citation references location information for more that one source of a case. The long citation the text that actually appears in the table of authorities is in quotes after the l. Cite section 22532 of indiana code published in 2012 answer. Commercial databases should be cited in preference to other, general internet resources. If you encounter a situation that is not covered in this guide, make sure to check the bluebook for more detail. Blue book citation for depositions top law schools.
Adapted from georgetown law library guide to citing cases when citing a supreme court case, you should cite the. Bureau of the census, evaluating components of international migration. Parallel citations are used when the same case is printed in two or more different reporters. Include the legal service provider name and the currency of the database as provided by the legal service providers description. Where page numbers are 3 or more digits, drop repetitive digits other than the final two digits citing footnotes.
No judge, opposing counsel, or law professor will scour a 30 page case for a narrow proposition youre putting forward if you dont include a page number. For nonwashington cases, pinpoint citations are made to the official report or the unofficial report. The bluebook method is the most widely used legal citation system in the united states. Citing a decision involving a state to cite a state, use either the word state, commonwealth, or people, depending on which appears on the title page, if citing to a case decided by that states state court. When citing an article in the volume, give the page number but not the issue number. In mla format, when im citing multiple pages from a single. Federal courts bluebook guide guides at georgetown law. Pincites are placed after the page on which the case begins, separated by a comma and a space.
To cite particular page of separately paginated slip opinion, use form. As of 2011, the most recent edition of the bluebook is the 19th edition. A pin cite also called a pinpoint or point cite identifies the specific page of the case you are citing. Since the decisions of american courts generally deal with multiple issues and tend to be.
You may need to include a pinpoint citation, which is a citation to the page s on which the specific material referenced appears. When citing to things like tables, charts, or other graphical materials, you should give the page number on which the item appears and the designation that the source gives it if any. How to cite a deposition transcript pen and the pad. When citing multiple pages, give the inclusive page numbers and retain the last two digits of each page, but drop other repetitious digits rule 3. A pincite may consist of a page range or multiple pages that are not consecutive. For further information on federal statutes, please click here. Here, too, parallel pinpoint pages are generally not necessary since most online systems. Citing secondary sources sample bluebook citations. The bluepages section of the bluebook addresses nonacademic citation. Pinpoints to pages cite the page or range of pages that the information you are citing came from. In mla format, when im citing multiple pages from a.
The bluebook also has citation rules for legal memoranda and other practiceoriented materials the blue pages, which students in. A volume has two issues with the first containing pages 1 to 180 and the second issue containing pages 181 to 370. Use the name of the state if citing to a case not decided by that states state court. Other subdivisions such as paragraphs should be identified. Regents of the university of california, the court held. If you are writing a brief or memo, look at the blue pages, rule b10 or apply the citation rules of the jurisdiction. Here are bluebook examples for twitter and facebook. The bluebook method of citation gained its name from a manual aptly named the bluebook.
Bluebook citations for twitter, facebook and other social. How to cite judicial opinions basic legal citation cornell. Subsequent history see history of cases, history of statutes successive citations, short forms, r4 superseded by statute, in case history, r10. If the article is written by a student author, the designation of the piece see r. Dec 23, 2019 the first edition of the bluebook was published in 1926 as a packed titled a uniform system of citation. For books, the authors name should appear as it does on the title page of the book, in small caps followed by a comma. Full name of the authors book title underlined or italicized pinpoint page. For instance, if you were citing this passage which appears on pages 2627 of a book by an author with the last name russell, you would include both russell and 2627 in your citation, as in this example.
A pinpoint citation directly follows the title, which designates the specific pages on which the cited material. The indigo book is a free implementation of the bluebook method, and is the preferred source for paralegal. The purpose of this question was to ask you how to provide explanatory parentheticals correctly. Pages, paragraphs, and pincites bluebook legal citation. Nov 19, 2010 im trying to cite to a deposition in my legal writing paper. The process of editing legal text to conform to these standards is sometimes referred to as bluebooking. A b c d e f gh i jk l m n o p qr s t u vwxyz show all. The bluebook style guide is used in the american legal profession for citation of all relevant sources. A pin cite is a citation that includes the page number. Cite to the name of the sourcedictionary, page number if pinpoint citing, edition and year. Depending on the type of document, pinpoint citations may reference pages, paragraphs, sections, or page and line numbers. A span of multiple pages may be cited by giving the inclusive page numbers separated by either an en dash or a hyphen.
For an overview of citing legal documents according to the bluebook, consult the georgetown university law library guide. A pinpoint citation, often called a pincite, is necessary to point the reader to specific the page s within the case. Lets say you want to cite page 840 of the longhi case. For further information on state statutes, please click here consult the blue pages, rule b12, if you are writing a brief or memo. Numbered volumes are cited in arabic numerals 1,2,3, not roman numerals i,ii,iii, even if that is how they appear in the original. Page numbers are typically cited following the name of a work and before a date parenthetical. In mla format, when im citing multiple, separate pages from.
When citing a deposition, write this abbreviation after the name. Rule 15 in the bluebook explains how to properly cite a book. Progressive education has always involved conflict between upholding disciplinary standards and promoting social equity russell 2627. The following information regarding the bluebook citation format is an adapted version of the style and formatting guidelines found in the bluebook, 20th ed. A pinpoint citation, often called a pincite, is necessary to point the reader to specific the pages within the case. For example, the number 217 refers to the page number in the pinpoint citation for baker v. Because you will often cite a case and other legal materials multiple times in a document, the bluebook has established a short form for use in subsequent citations. The supreme court of the united states is the only federal court to officially report its cases. Placed after the page on which the case report begins, separated by a comma. Each different kind of secondary source has a slightly different set of rules for citation, which will be enumerated below.
An issue or volume may contain multiple articles, editorials, etc. It will remain online until 2021, but will not be updated. The bluebook is the guide to citing legal documents in the united states. It is not intended to be a comprehensive discussion of citation rules. Some basics on bluebooking with a focus on maryland rules this is a quick guide to citing maryland cases and statutes, based on bluebook rules 10 and 12.
Most court opinions contain holdings on multiple issues, so lawyers need to cite to the page that contains the specific holding they wish to. This page reflects apa 6, which is now out of date. The bluebook does not explicitly indicate what the numbers refer to. The first number is the first page the case appears in the reporter. This book is a reference guide that, believe it or not, will be just about the only book you take from law school into your practice as a lawyer. Remove words indicating multiple parties or legal titles rule 10.
Thats a pin cite the page you got the info from is the second number. Full name of the authors book title underlined or italicized pinpoint page number if needed. Bluebook citation for legal materials purdue writing lab. Edition for works with multiple editions year of publication. A second type of citation is at least equally important to the writing that lawyers file with judges in litigationnamely one that refers with precision to prior events or documents in the case or to portions of the record. Short forms for cases bluebook guide guides at georgetown. Bluebook rules 1 11 legal studies bluebook with none.
When citing multiple pages, give the inclusive page numbers and. Bluebook examples for common citations books rule 15. The title of the book, also in small caps, should follow. Jul 19, 2019 short citation forms thus far, this guide has described how to cite cases in long form, i. If you need to include a pinpoint citation to, for example, a quotation or the holding of a case, add the page number after the first page. Mar 18, 2020 citing multiple nonconsecutive sections. In 1939 the cover of the sixth edition was changed from a brown to a blue color, which is where the name came from. Use full citation if you cite 28 usc 11 for 1st time.
The major citation guides focus primarily on citations to legal authorityjudicial opinions, statutes, and commentary. For example, here is a citation to a section in a wellknown treatise on federal procedure. In practice, most lawyers go one step farther, once they have developed the correct citation for a case using the rules discussed above. If case isnt separately paginated, cite page on which the case as well as the page on which any particular material appears. Thus far, this guide has described how to cite cases in long form, i. Law school bluebook basics one of the books that all 1l law students are required to purchase is the bluebook. Thus, when citing to that particular article in a consecutively paginated journal, the page cite will be from that issue or volumes page range. Luckily, westlawnext automatically recognizes pinpoint citations and can take you directly to the exact page you need. Short form citations are used when you cite the same source multiple times. The white pages in the bluebook address academic citation. The two major instances in which a parallel citation may be needed are. Where multiple units or division of the institution are listed on the work, the citation includes the smallest unit first and then skips to the largest, omitting all in between.
Immediately after the first page, you should place a comma followed by a pinpoint citation to specific pages after a comma. In your citation to a journal article, immediately following the name of the journal, you should indicate the page on which the article begins. A pinpoint citation, often called a pincite, is necessary to point the reader to. These reference guides do not take the place of assignment guidelines. Pinpoint citations give as precise a reference to the cited document, such as the page and line on which the cited. However, the bluebook method is taught and illustrated in numerous manuals, including the indigo book. Bluebook rule 10 covers how cases should be cited in legal documents. If you wish to reference a specific page as well as the general case, separate that page reference with a comma. Additionally, the chicago manual of style recommends its use for all citation of legal material. For instance, if your reference is a case that begins on page 100 of your source, but you want to point specifically to a statement six pages in, the page number in your citation would be 100, 106. If the two citations are in different paragraphs, be sure to make two separate, full intext citations.
The bluebook still requires the use and citation of printed sources where available see r. Citation machine helps students and professionals properly credit the information that they use. Table of authorities the ultimate guide legal office guru. The rules in the both parts of the bluebook are organized generally by the type of source cited. Secondary sources bluebook citation 101 practitioner. Bluebook citation for llm students bluebook citation for. When citing multiple statutory sections, you dont omit digits.
Citing to the record in briefs marquette university law. Pages, paragraphs, and pincites bluebook legal citation tarlton. When citing a court case or other legal document, it is important to be both concise and specific. The following samples cover basic citation format for secondary sources. Bluebook rule 12 covers how statutes should be cited in legal documents.
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